What is it: Hinamatsuri
The term “Hinamatsuri” refers to a traditional Japanese festival, also known as the Doll Festival or Girls Festival, which is celebrated annually on March 3rd. This cultural event is a special occasion where families with girls display a set of ornamental dolls called “hina-ningyō” on a multi-level platform covered with red cloth. The dolls represent the imperial court of the Heian period, including the emperor, empress, attendants and musicians, all dressed in traditional costumes. Hinamatsuri is an opportunity for families to pray for the health, happiness and healthy growth of their daughters. In addition to the dolls, the celebration includes special food and drinks, such as “hishimochi” (a colorful layered rice cake) and “shirozake” (an alcoholic drink made from fermented rice).
Hinamatsuri has its roots in ancient purification practices and rituals to ward off evil spirits. Originally, people believed that dolls had the power to contain evil spirits and were therefore thrown into rivers or seas to ward off evil. Over time, this practice evolved into displaying dolls at home. The tradition of displaying dolls began during the Edo period (1603-1868) and became an important part of Japanese culture. Dolls are passed down from generation to generation and are often considered precious family heirlooms. Each level of the platform has a specific meaning, with the top reserved for the emperor and empress, and the lower levels for courtiers and musicians.
Preparation for Hinamatsuri begins weeks before the festival, when families begin setting up the platform and displaying the dolls. The arrangement of the dolls follows a specific, traditional order, and the assembly of the platform can be a significant family event. In addition to dolls, decorations can include peach flowers, which symbolize spring and renewal. Peach blossoms are considered auspicious and are an important element of the celebration. During the festival, families also prepare special dishes, such as “chirashizushi” (spread sushi) and “sakura mochi” (rice dumplings stuffed with bean paste and wrapped in cherry blossom leaves).
Hinamatsuri is not just a household celebration, but is also celebrated in schools and communities. Many schools organize events where children learn about the history and significance of the festival, and participate in related activities, such as making their own paper dolls or preparing traditional foods. In some regions of Japan, there are parades and public events where large sets of dolls are displayed, attracting tourists and locals alike. The festival is an opportunity for the community to come together and celebrate Japanese culture and traditions.
In addition to its cultural and historical significance, Hinamatsuri also has a significant economic impact. The production and sale of hina-ningyō dolls is a thriving industry in Japan, with artisans dedicated to creating high-quality, detailed dolls. Dolls can range from simple and affordable to extremely elaborate and expensive, with some pieces being true works of art. Doll specialty stores and craft markets see an increase in sales during the Hinamatsuri season, and many tourists buy dolls as souvenirs or gifts.
Hinamatsuri is a fascinating example of how cultural traditions can evolve and adapt over time while maintaining their meaning and importance. For those interested in Japanese culture, the festival offers a window into Japan's traditional practices and values. The celebration of Hinamatsuri is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of family, health and happiness, and to appreciate beauty and art of hina-ningyō dolls. For anime and manga enthusiasts, Hinamatsuri also frequently appears as a theme or setting, reflecting its ongoing importance in Japanese popular culture.
